Q: How do I write � in HTML?

As a numeric character reference � (decimal) or � (hexadecimal). In UTF-8 documents you can also insert the character directly.

Question 1

What is the character U+FFFD?

Accepted Answer

U+FFFD � is officially named REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. It belongs to the Specials block and the category Other symbol.

Question 2

How do I type �?

Accepted Answer

Windows (Word, WordPad): type FFFD, then press Alt+X. Linux (GTK/IBus): Ctrl+Shift+U fffd, then Space. macOS: enable the “Unicode Hex Input” keyboard, hold Option and type FFFD. Or simply copy it from this page.

Question 3

How do I write � in HTML?

Accepted Answer

As a numeric character reference &#65533; (decimal) or &#xFFFD; (hexadecimal). In UTF-8 documents you can also insert the character directly.

Question 4

How is � encoded in UTF-8?

Accepted Answer

In UTF-8 the character takes 3 bytes: EF BF BD. In UTF-16: FFFD.

Name	REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
Code point	`U+FFFD`
Decimal	`65533`
Block	Specials
Category	Other symbol (So)
UTF-8	`EF BF BD`
UTF-16	`FFFD`
UTF-32	`0000FFFD`
HTML	`�` `�`
CSS	`\FFFD`
JavaScript	`\uFFFD`
Python	`\ufffd`
URL-encoded	`%EF%BF%BD`

U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER

Frequently asked questions

What is the character U+FFFD?

How do I type �?

How do I write � in HTML?

How is � encoded in UTF-8?

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